Can Immune Issues Cause Infertility?

Can Immune Disorders Cause Infertility?

Yes! When the immune system is not functioning properly, it may mistakenly attack healthy tissues or cells in the body, including embryos. For example, certain antibodies can attack platelets, leading to blood clots that block the blood vessels in the placenta, preventing the embryo from receiving adequate nutrients. This can result in infertility or miscarriage.

A successful pregnancy requires the body’s immune system to be in a state of "immune tolerance," meaning the immune system must tolerate the presence of the embryo. However, if the immune system becomes overactive and produces anti-sperm, anti-endometrial, or anti-egg antibodies, it can make conception very difficult and even lead to recurrent miscarriages.

Causes of Immune-Related Infertility

Immune-related infertility is primarily caused by an imbalance in the immune system, which can be triggered by various factors such as aging, stress, irregular lifestyle, environmental pollution, and even genetics. These factors may cause the immune system to react abnormally, producing antibodies that attack the body’s own cells. Common causes and types of antibodies related to immune infertility include:

1. Anti-Sperm Antibodies: A woman’s body may produce antibodies against sperm, preventing sperm from successfully fertilizing the egg, thus impacting conception.

2. Anti-Endometrial Antibodies: These antibodies can attack the embryo and interfere with its implantation in the uterus, potentially leading to early miscarriage or implantation failure.

3. Antiphospholipid Antibodies (APS): These antibodies increase blood clotting tendencies, leading to blood clots that can cause recurrent miscarriages, delayed fetal development, or even stillbirth.

If you're concerned that immune issues might be affecting your fertility, a blood test can help identify the problem. It is recommended that patients with unexplained infertility, advanced maternal age, premature ovarian failure, recurrent miscarriages, or multiple failed IVF implantations undergo the following immune tests to pinpoint the cause.

What Tests Should Be Done for Immune-Related Infertility?

Immune problems are a significant factor in infertility and miscarriage. To determine if there is an immune issue, blood tests are commonly used. Below are some of the main types of immune tests:

1. Autoimmune Testing: This includes tests for thyroid antibodies, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), and antibodies related to lupus and other autoimmune disorders.

2. Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) Testing: This test screens for antibodies linked to recurrent miscarriage and fetal development issues, such as anticardiolipin antibodies and beta-2 glycoprotein antibodies.

3. Thrombosis-Related Testing: These tests assess blood clotting factors and the risk of thrombosis, including D-dimer, Protein S, and Protein C levels.

4. Thyroid Function Testing: Tests for thyroid conditions, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, that may affect fertility.

5. Anti-Sperm Antibody Testing: This test checks for antibodies against sperm that can impair sperm motility and the fertilization process.

Treatment Options for Immune-Related Infertility

There are several treatment approaches for immune-related infertility. Below are some of the common methods:

Immunosuppressive Therapy  

If infertility is caused by an autoimmune disorder, doctors may use immunosuppressants to control the immune response and help the embryo implant successfully.

Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) Therapy 

This treatment involves administering immunoglobulin intravenously to regulate the immune system, reducing the chances of the embryo being attacked by the immune system.

Anticoagulant Therapy 

For patients with antiphospholipid antibodies, doctors may prescribe anticoagulants such as heparin to reduce the risk of blood clots and support healthy fetal development.

Third-Generation IVF Technology (PGS/PGD) 

 At RSMC in the U.S., third-generation IVF technology is used for immune-related infertility cases. Preimplantation Genetic Screening (PGS) or Diagnosis (PGD) is performed to select healthy embryos before implantation, reducing the risk of immune reactions and increasing the chances of a successful pregnancy.

Surrogacy

If a woman is unable to carry a pregnancy due to immune issues, surrogacy is an option. The surrogate’s uterus provides a safer environment, allowing the embryo to develop without being affected by the intended mother’s immune system.

Further Reading:

• The Ultimate Guaranteed Success Plan: 80% Refund if Unsuccessful!
• RSMC's In-House Egg and Surrogate Bank: Instant Pairing Without Waiting!

The United States leads the world in IVF technology and pregnancy success rates, and California, where RSMC is located, has the most progressive fertility policies. Whether you are single or a same-sex couple seeking IVF with sperm donation, California offers advanced IVF technology and comprehensive legal protections for parentage. RSMC boasts the largest CPA-certified lab in Southern California, providing the best possible environment for embryo development. With over 30 years of clinical experience, we help overcome immune-related infertility, whether through self-pregnancy or surrogacy. We are confident in our ability to help you achieve your dream of having a child. 

If you would like to learn more about the process and costs, or schedule a free online consultation with our U.S. medical director, please contact our multilingual team available 24/7 via:  Line / WeChat: rsmctw,  Whatsapp: +1 858-342-6046.